Connect to databases

Cloudflare Workers can connect to and query your data in both SQL and NoSQL databases, including:

• Cloudflare's own D1, a serverless SQL-based database.
• Traditional hosted relational databases, including Postgres and MySQL, using Hyperdrive (recommended) to significantly speed up access.
• Serverless databases, including Supabase, MongoDB Atlas, PlanetScale, and Prisma.

D1 SQL database

D1 is Cloudflare's own SQL-based, serverless database. It is optimized for global access from Workers, and can scale out with multiple, smaller (10GB) databases, such as per-user, per-tenant or per-entity databases. Similar to some serverless databases, D1 pricing is based on query and storage costs.

Database	Library or Driver	Connection Method
D1	Workers binding, integrates with Prisma ↗, Drizzle ↗, and other ORMs	Workers binding, REST API

Traditional SQL databases

Traditional databases use SQL drivers that use TCP sockets to connect to the database. TCP is the de-facto standard protocol that many databases, such as PostgreSQL and MySQL, use for client connectivity. These drivers are also widely compatible with your preferred ORM libraries and query builders.

This also includes serverless databases that are PostgreSQL or MySQL-compatible like Supabase, Neon or PlanetScale, which can be connected to using both native TCP sockets and Hyperdrive or serverless HTTP-based drivers (detailed below).

Database	Integration	Library or Driver	Connection Method
Postgres	Direct connection	node-postgres ↗,Postgres.js ↗	TCP Socket via database driver, using Hyperdrive for optimal performance (optional, recommended)
MySQL	Direct connection	mysql2 ↗, mysql ↗	TCP Socket via database driver, using Hyperdrive for optimal performance (optional, recommended)

Speed up database connectivity with Hyperdrive

Connecting to SQL databases with TCP sockets requires multiple roundtrips to establish a secure connection before a query to the database is made. Since a connection must be re-established on every Worker invocation, this adds unnecessary latency.

Hyperdrive solves this by pooling database connections globally to eliminate unnecessary roundtrips and speed up your database access. Learn more about how Hyperdrive works.

Serverless databases

Serverless databases may provide direct connection to the underlying database, or provide HTTP-based proxies and drivers (also known as serverless drivers).

For PostgreSQL and MySQL serverless databases, you can connect to the underlying database directly using the native database drivers and ORMs you are familiar with, using Hyperdrive (recommended) to speed up connectivity and pool database connections. When you use Hyperdrive, your connection pool is managed across all of Cloudflare regions and optimized for usage from Workers.

You can also use serverless driver libraries to connect to the HTTP-based proxies managed by the database provider. These may also provide connection pooling for traditional SQL databases and reduce the amount of roundtrips needed to establish a secure connection, similarly to Hyperdrive.

Database	Library or Driver	Connection Method
PlanetScale ↗	Hyperdrive, @planetscale/database ↗	mysql2 or mysql, or API via client library
Supabase ↗	Hyperdrive, @supabase/supabase-js ↗	node-postgres,Postgres.js, or API via client library
Prisma ↗	prisma ↗	API via client library
Neon ↗	Hyperdrive, @neondatabase/serverless ↗	node-postgres,Postgres.js, or API via client library
Hasura ↗	API	GraphQL API via fetch()
Upstash Redis ↗	@upstash/redis ↗	API via client library
TiDB Cloud ↗	@tidbcloud/serverless ↗	API via client library

Once you have installed the necessary packages, use the APIs provided by these packages to connect to your database and perform operations on it. Refer to detailed links for service-specific instructions.

Authentication

If your database requires authentication, use Wrangler secrets to securely store your credentials. To do this, create a secret in your Cloudflare Workers project using the following wrangler secret command:

wrangler secret put <SECRET_NAME>

Then, retrieve the secret value in your code using the following code snippet:

const secretValue = env.<SECRET_NAME>;

Use the secret value to authenticate with the external service. For example, if the external service requires an API key or database username and password for authentication, include these in using the relevant service's library or API.

For services that require mTLS authentication, use mTLS certificates to present a client certificate.

Next steps

• Learn how to connect to an existing PostgreSQL database with Hyperdrive.
• Discover other storage options available for use with Workers.
• Create your first database with Cloudflare D1.